![]() They can produce proteins and other substances used by molecular biologists in basic research and in medicine and industry Prokaryotes have an important role in changing, shaping, and sustaining the entire biosphere. 4.3: Representative Groups This chapter will examine the diversity, structure, and function of prokaryotes.The first phylogenetic tree contained kingdoms for plants and animals Ernst Haeckel proposed adding a kingdom for protists. A phylogenetic tree is a way of showing how different organisms are thought to be related to one another from an evolutionary standpoint. Binomial nomenclature assigns organisms Latinized scientific names with a genus and species designation. 4.2: A Systematic Approach Carolus Linnaeus developed a taxonomic system for categorizing organisms into related groups. ![]() Those cells were undoubtedly microbes, eventually giving rise to all the life forms that we envision today, as well as the life forms that went extinct before we got here. 4.1: Taxonomy and Evolution It is believed that the Earth is 4.6 billion year old, with the first cells appearing approximately 3.8 billion years ago.Given a description of an organism, select the taxonomic group (of those above) with which the organism would best be classified.Give one characteristic NOT associated with Archaea.List the characteristics commonly associated with Archaea, in particular the thermophiles, halophiles, and methanogens.Describe the major characteristics of the following taxonomic groups: Bacteria (Domain), Archaea (Domain), Eukaryotes (Domain), Cyanobacteria (Phylum), Firmicutes (Phylum), Proteobacteria (Phylum), Bacillus (Genus), Clostridium (Genus).Properly apply the terminology for nutritional types (metabolic lifestyles): chemo/phototroph, auto/heterotroph.Use a phylogenetic tree to determine an organism’s closest relatives.Explain why ribosomal sequences are a good choice for determining relationships of organisms.Order the levels of classification from more general to more specific, from domain to strain.Explain how either phenotype characteristics or molecular characteristics can be used to classify organisms. ![]()
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